★ Ancillary

Bacteriostatic Water

Ancillary · 3ml/vial × 10

Standard sterile diluent for reconstituting lyophilized peptides.

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Overview

What Is Bacteriostatic Water?

Bacteriostatic water is sterile water for injection containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol as a preservative. It is an FDA-approved pharmaceutical diluent whose purpose is to allow a sealed vial to be punctured multiple times over several weeks without supporting microbial growth. Benzyl alcohol inhibits replication of common skin and environmental contaminants (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Candida) at concentrations well below cytotoxic thresholds for mammalian tissue.

Plain sterile water contains no preservative, so once the stopper is breached the rated reuse window collapses to single use. Bacteriostatic water is the default reconstitution solvent for lyophilised research peptides because nearly all common peptides remain stable in mildly acidic to neutral aqueous solution with benzyl alcohol present, and the preservative window matches the typical 28-day refrigerated stability period of a reconstituted multi-dose vial. Peptides that are pH-sensitive, or that carry disulfide bridges, are sometimes reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline instead.

Published Safety Data

What the published studies measured.

What the studies show

Measured in clinical trials

Benzyl alcohol systemic exposure: at the volumes used for peptide reconstitution (1-3ml per dose containing 9-27mg benzyl alcohol), well below the WHO acceptable daily intake of 5mg/kg/day for adults. Not a concern in adult research use.
"Gasping syndrome" in neonates: the historical FDA caution about benzyl alcohol, applies only to neonates and very low birth weight infants, not to adult research subjects.
Injection site sting: rare with BAC water alone, more common when BAC is mixed with copper peptides (GHK-Cu, GLOW, KLOW) where the GHK-Cu itself is the sting source, not the BAC.
Allergic reaction to benzyl alcohol: documented in literature but rare, <1% of adult patients.

The Research

Peer-reviewed studies and clinical guidelines - tap any to read the source.

PubMedBenzyl alcohol preservative pharmacology and gasping syndrome historical context (PMC2755236)

](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2755236/) - preservative mechanism, neonate-specific caution, adult safety profile

Read study ↗PubMedPeptide stability in aqueous solution and the role of preservatives

general reconstitution chemistry references

Read study ↗Clinical guidelinesUSP Compounding Standards on multi-dose vial preservation

beyond-use dating for preserved diluents

Read study ↗Physician commentaryGoodRx on bacteriostatic vs sterile water

patient-facing comparison

Read study ↗Physician commentaryEmpower Pharmacy on benzyl alcohol in compounded injectables

compounding pharmacy framing of BAC selection

Read study ↗

Reconstitution & Storage

Storage: Unopened BAC vial: room temperature, stable until printed expiration (typically 1-2 years from manufacture). Punctured BAC vial: the USP label states 28 days at room temperature after first puncture. In practice vials are typically refrigerated after first puncture and the same 28-30 day window applies. Reconstituted peptide solution (peptide + BAC mixed): refrigerated, 4-6 weeks for most peptides, longer for highly stable ones (BPC, TB-500), shorter for fragile ones (GLP-1s past ~6 weeks lose potency).