MOTS-C

What Is MOTS-C?

MOTS-C is a mitochondria-derived peptide (mitopeptide) encoded in the mitochondrial genome, discovered by Changhan David Lee's lab at USC (Cell Metabolism, 2015). It regulates nuclear gene expression through AMPK activation, enhances insulin sensitivity, and promotes metabolic homeostasis. Plasma MOTS-C levels decline with age, positioning it as a longevity research tool.

Research Context

• Mitochondrial genome-encoded peptide signaling and retrograde communication
• AMPK pathway activation and metabolic flexibility
• Insulin sensitivity improvement in diet-induced obesity models (Lee et al., 2015)
• Exercise-mimetic effects: metabolic rate and endurance modulation
• Age-related MOTS-C decline and longevity research implications